The organism of the woman is arranged very difficult, for the first time the girl faces these complexities at teenage age when she has a first menses in this connection, there comes reorganization of work of all organism. The set of nuances of maturing and work of a female organism demand an explanation and it is better, if during this period to the girl will explain, that particularly occurs in her organism.
That occurs in an organism of the girl in period "reorganization"
The body of the girl is formed under the influence of female sexual hormones of estrogens: the body weight is enlarged, primary sexual signs (the breast develops, changes affect external and internal genitals) are formed. When the weight of a body of the girl reaches certain level, work joins the higher regulator of activity of endocrine system of an organism - a hypothalamus (the site of a brain which is responsible for work of hormones). Therefore at girls who have the big weight, puberty comes earlier. The hypothalamus influences the main gland of internal secretion - a pituitary gland, which in reply to this signal starts to produce gonadotrophic (stimulating development of sexual hormones) hormones - luteinizing and follicle-stimulating (a LH and a FSH). Under the influence of these hormones in ovaries (female gonads) female sexual hormones (estrogens and progesterone) are produced and the first ovum ripens.
With the first the FSH starts to operate - it stimulates development of estrogens and supervises ovum maturing. The ovum ripens in a special blister, a follicle. When it has ripened, work joins a LH which promotes rupture of a cover of a follicle (this moment is called as an ovulation) and to an ovum exit outside. The ovum goes to travel on a fallopian tube for an occurring there with a spermatozoon. At this time along with rising of level the LH becomes perceptible lifting of level a FSH and testosterone (a man's sexual hormone which in small amounts always is present at an organism of the woman). Small rising of level of testosterone leads to more strongly pronounced sexual inclination.
Under the influence of estrogens the uterus prepares for reception of the fertilized ovum (germ): in it the mucosa to which the fertilized ovum should be attached expands. The LH promotes development in the remained torn cover of a follicle (he turns to a yellow body) progesterone which quantity accrues after an ovulation. If fertilizations does not come, the uterus mucosa is torn away and there comes a menses.
All phases of a menstrual cycle are formed far not at once, it occurs approximately within a year. If hypothalamus or pituitary gland work there can come wrong formation of a menstrual cycle is broken, that is come a delay of sexual development.
What is menarche?
If hormonal development of the girl goes correctly in 12-13 years she has a first menses or menarche. Menarche usually occurs in two years after there are first changes in breast development. During this period there is an active development of a body that to female type: hips become wider, mammary glands are formed, the size of external female genitals is enlarged and their pilosis on female type begins. Menarche is a main sign of puberty of the female organism, specifying in ability of an organism to pregnancy.
Female sexual hormones (estrogen and progesterone) cause a swelling of mammary glands, augmentation of volume of the slime allocated from the channel cervix, growth of a mucosa of a uterus etc., that is prepare an organism for pregnancy. Man's sexual hormones are responsible for sexual inclination. Disturbance of a parity of female and man's sexual hormones, and also insufficiency of gonadotrophic hormones (a LH and a FSH) cause various disturbances in maturing of an organism of the girl.
Offensive time menarche depends on physical development of the girl, its food, the transferred diseases, life conditions etc. Harbingers menarche there can be differences in mood and state of health (irritability, fatigability, depressions, delicacy, headaches, giddiness, pains in the bottom of a stomach, a nausea etc.).
Influence of stresses on formation of a menstrual cycle of the girl
In formation of a menstrual cycle and reorganization of work of all organism the girl becomes very sensitive to a various sort to emotional influences. Stresses promote depression of work of a hypothalamus which not so actively "demands" development by a pituitary gland of gonadotrophic hormones a LH and a FSH. Depression of quantity the LH and a FSH in blood lead to depression of development of female sexual hormones. It can be shown by full absence of a menses (amenorrhea) or sharp disturbance of their regularity.
The first menses can cause a stress condition if it to it not to prepare in the girl, therefore the girl at the age of 10-11 years already should know, that occurs in its organism, it should be psychologically ready to occurrence of the first menses - menarche.
In what cases it is necessary to address to the children's gynecologist?
Very early or, on the contrary, later menarche can be as a norm variant (for example, congenital feature which was at mother), and a disease sign.
Very early occurrence menarche (till 10 years) should be an occasion to the reference to the doctor: it can be a sign of a tumor of a brain or ovaries. Later maturing (after 15 years) can be a sign of any hormonal disturbances and consequently also should be consulted at the gynecologist.
